A critical analysis of possible solutions to the Panama Canal water problems
This master thesis examines the impact of drought on the Panama Canal and evaluates possible solution approaches to improve water security. In 2023, Panama faced its driest conditions since records began, which led to historically low water levels in Lake Gatún and a reduction in the canal's transit capacity. The study maps how measures such as transit restrictions, cross-filling, tandem passage and deployment of water-saving reservoirs are being applied. In addition, the planned Rio Indio reservoir is analysed as a long-term structural solution. The alternatives are assessed based on practical feasibility, ecological and social impact, amount of water savings and impact on transit capacity. A multi-criteria analysis shows that combining technological innovations with infrastructure expansions is necessary to manage the canal sustainably. The study concludes that investment in water management is crucial to ensure the economic and logistical function of the canal, without losing sight of the ecological and social balance.